Obstetric pathologies and some somatic diseases may affect pregnancy. With pronounced disorders, an intrauterine retention of the fetus growth occurs. This condition is amenable to correction with timely treatment, therefore pregnant women are under observation.
Features of pathology
The delay in the intrauterine development of the fetus (or ZVOR) consider its lag behind the mass below 10 percentile at birth. The condition is diagnosed during pregnancy, therefore, they include those children who do not correspond to the size for the period of gestation.
This state is found with different frequency, which depends on the social layer, the conditions of residence and nutrition. According to literature, the fetal growth delay syndrome is observed in 5-17% of all pregnancies.
The intrauterine development of the child depends entirely on the state of the parent organism. Therefore, women's nutrition, working conditions, somatic and infectious diseases may affect the flow of gestation. Most of the unfavorable factors are eliminated, therefore, in order to prevent the development of pathology, preferably preparation and proper maintenance of pregnancy are necessary.
Why is this happening
The main body that ensures the maintenance of the life of the future child is the placenta. It performs the function of supplying nutrients and oxygen, filters harmful substances, microorganisms. Therefore, fetoplacentage failure becomes the main factor in development. But the reasons that lead to pathology are diverse:
The risk of developing the delay of the fetus is high with an initially low mass of the mother's body (less than 50 kg). Complicated obstetric and gynecological history is important. Adverse factors include:
- infantilism of the uterus;
- anomalies of the development of genital organs;
- menstrual disorders;
- spontaneous interruption in the past;
- complications in past childbirth or pregnancies.
In half cases, the exact reason cannot be established, so the woman needs to be aware of the likelihood of a pathological condition in the risk factors available.
Species and severity
The form of hypotrophy is determined by the ratio of the lag in the development of different parts of the fetal body:
- Symmetric shape (hypoplastic) - the proportions of the child are saved, there is no lag or the predominance of any parts of the body. But overall dimensions are reduced, respectively, the term of gestation. This form develops at the beginning of toal. The mechanism for the development of a symmetric form is associated with the fact that in the early period, the growth of the fetus depends on the cell hyperplasia - their enhanced division. Hypoxia brakes this process, so the growth in growth and weight appears.
- Asymmetric shape (hypotrophic) - a child has a normal body length, but there is a significant rise in growth. Measuring the volume of the abdomen will show its decrease relative to the gestation week. This is due to a decrease in the volume of cells of internal organs that do not receive oxygen and nutrients in the desired volume.
- Mixed form - there is a lag behind the dimensions of the abdomen for 2 weeks from the norm for the period of gestation, the remaining fetometry indicators are slightly reduced.
The degree of hypotrophy is also determined. Delay in the development of the fetal of 1 degree is characterized by the standards of the norm for 2 weeks. This state refers to light deviations. The delay in the intrauterine development of the 2 degree is manifested by the standards from the norm for 3-4 weeks. In severe cases, when the fetus is 4 weeks less than the deadline, 3 degree of ZVOR is exhibited.
Development mechanism
The probability of formation of the SIR is laid in the first trimester. The woman under the influence of various pathological factors is disturbed by the process of germination of trophoblast in spiral uterine artery - the basis of the future placenta. The consequence becomes hemodynamic disorders in the uterus-placenta system. There is a slowdown in blood flow in vessels, which leads to a decrease in the speed of gas exchange between the mother and the fruit. Up to 22 weeks, the mechanisms that are capable of compensating for hypoxia are not yet developed, therefore a symmetric form of development delay is developing.
In the second half of pregnancy, the occurrence of hypotrophy occurs due to the violation of the functioning of the placenta under the influence of many factors. It becomes the cause of chronic hypoxia. The organism of the fetus is attempting to preserve the vital part - the nervous system, so the main influx of blood is sent to the brain. Internal organs suffer from hypoxia, therefore an asymmetric form of hypotrophy is formed.
Manifestations of pathological condition
By external features, it is impossible to establish the pathological condition of the fetus. In the 3 trimester of pregnancy, it is possible to suspect this by a small package of weight or a small size of the abdomen when measuring its circumference and the standing height of the uterus. But these indicators are nonspecific. Similar processes are observed at a low-body, which does not always accompany the delay in development.
Only the presence of risk factors, the low social status of a woman, the lack of normal nutrition and living conditions, as well as bad habits can afford the doctor to assume a state of violation.
Indirectly about hypoxia and a possible ZVOR can be judged by the motor activity of the child. A sudden increase in jolts speaks about acutely developed intrauterine. Almost complete cessation of movements serves as an indicator of chronic hypoxia and the suffering of a child.
Complications
The consequences of hypotrophy depending on the cause, which led to it. Fetoplacental failure can be a factor that will lead to the threat of pregnancy interruption or premature childbirth, native anomalies.
As one of the reasons of Zvor may complicate the detachment of the placenta and the death of a child, and for the mother it threatens the development of the DVS syndrome.
Infections in early terms lead to undeveloped pregnancy, and in the later - to the formation of congenital defects or antenatal death.
In children who were born with weight lagging, adaptive opportunities are reduced. They are more often sick in the postpartum period, worse transfer physiological jaundice and other restructings of the body. They need special attention from the pediatrician.
In the asymmetric form of hypotrophy, the development of the following complications after birth is characteristic:
- large weight loss after birth and slow recovery;
- long hyperbilirubinemia;
- lack of a hormonal crisis;
- slow healing of umbilical wound;
- exchange Disorders: Reducing the protein synthetic liver function;
- blood coagulation disorders;
- the asphyxia of the newborn, often - the defeat of the head and spinal cord;
- hyperobability syndrome.
With symmetrical form, disableriogenesis stigms are often detected:
- reduced skull size, hanging eyebrows;
- small features of the face, its asymmetry;
- saddoid, mongoloid nose;
- epicant, Assimetary Eye;
- dystopia of the oars;
- anomalies of ear curl, anti-drawing;
- brachidactia, Arahanodactilia;
- cryptorchism or phimosis in boys;
- increasing the clitoris for girls;
- impairment of skin pigmentation;
- excessive overexposition at certain parts of the body.
Mother and Fetal examination
With each visit to the obstetrician gynecologist, the base height of the uterus and the abdomen circle is measured. Their increase regardless of the Constitution of the Mother occurs according to certain standards. With 2 cm lagging and more there is reason to suspect hypotrophy, especially if the woman is included in the risk group. But the exact data can be obtained during the dynamic ultrasound. To assess the growth of growth, you need at least two studies with an interval of 14 days.
The symmetric form is found in 10-30% of cases. At the same time, there is a proportional reduction in all sizes of the child: head, abdomen, the length of the femoral bone. Zvor for this type begins to manifest from the 2nd trimester. Disruption of placental blood flow registered from 20 weeks. For such women, a multi-ordie is characterized, a combination with defects of development is often detected.
Fetal Cardiotocography (CTG)
For accurate diagnostics, it is necessary to know the term of pregnancy to properly relate data and regulations obtained during the study. The ratio of the head and circumference of the abdomen in the fetus during symmetric form is reduced evenly. Therefore, this data is not informative. The ratio of the length of the hip and the abdomen circle is applied. If it is more than 24.0, it gives the right to believe that the fruit is lagging behind in development.
Exceptions are cases when the small size of the child is laid genetically, is a constitutional feature of the parents.
The asymmetric form is detected in 70-90% of cases. Diagnosis of pathology is usually no doubt. As a basis, the ratio of the circumference of the head and abdomen is taken. For asymmetric form, this indicator exceeds the norms by age. For the normal ratio, the following numeric values \u200b\u200bare taken:
- up to 32 weeks - more than 1.0;
- from 32 to 34 weeks - approaching 1.0;
- from 34 and to childbirth - less than 1.0.
The asymmetric form of the SIR develops in 3 trimester. Disorders of blood flow in the placenta appear after 30 weeks of gestation, the volume of accumulating waters is reduced or normal, and the defects are rarely detected.
Also during diagnostics establish the degree of severity, which determines the further medical tactics.
Ultrasound includes placenta vessel dopplerometry. At the same time, impaired blood flow are detected in the following fetal vessels:
- artery Pupovina;
- aorta;
- brain artery;
- venous duct.
All women after 27-30 weeks are executed by the CTG (which is the procedure and how it is held, read B). This makes it possible to estimate the presence and severity of fetal hypoxia. The deviations from the norm consider the decrease in cardiac rhythm variability, a non-stroke test of the areactive type.
Biophysical fetal profile is estimated. Objective information it gives only after 30 weeks of pregnancy. The duration of the procedure is at least 30 minutes. Real-time, a number of indicators are estimated on the ultrasound. The CTG data is assigned a certain number of points, which are then summarized. Have a value of 6 indicators:
- non-stress test (heart abbreviations in response to fetal movements);
- respiratory movements;
- fetus tone;
- physical activity;
- the volume of accumulation waters;
- the degree of maturity placenta.
Normal is considered to receive from 8 to 12 points. If the amount is 7-6 points - the state is doubtful and requires observation. With 5-4 points - a pronounced distress of the fetus.
Methods of correction
Treatment of intrauterine development delay takes place in two directions:
- Correction of blood flow violations in the placenta.
- Treatment of concomitant diseases that could cause violations.
Nowhere in the world, uniform effective schemes of ZVOR therapy are not developed. Clinical recommendations in the delay of the intrauterine development of the fetus are based on the treatment regimen developed by Savelieva G.M. It includes:
- protein diet enriched with vitamins and minerals;
- alternation of 10 sessions of the diathermy of the arrogant region with 10 SFR sessions;
- injection in Vienna Glucose with Corglikon, alternating every other day;
- cocarboxylase in the muscle daily 10-14 days;
- receiving euphilline inside or in the form of candles rectally;
- trentals or Izadrin tablets in combination with phenoptyl.
This chart of therapy can not help with severe Zvor. But with moderate severity, it stops the deterioration of the state and supports the fruit. According to some studies, it gives the effect of the use of phlebodia-600 vetonic, which is pure diode.
Venotonic phlebodia-600
This substance has affinity for the venous wall and allows the prevention of pregnancies of pregnancy caused by fetoplacentage insufficiency. It is prescribed to women from risk groups from a second trimester if there are signs of ZVOR, the drug reception is recommended from the moment of diagnosing the state. Diaosmming eliminates venous stagnation in the royal-placental complex, improves microcirculation, increases compensatory-adaptive reactions of the fetus.
Incorrect meals is one of the causes of pathology, but it is possible to improve the state only with food. Biological supplements do not have a significant effect on the state of the fetus.
With a combination of a ZVOR with infection, the method of therapy is not designed. Bacteria never become the cause of growth in growth, this condition is developing under the influence of viruses.
Pregnancy and Rhodework
A woman is prolonged by pregnancy, if at 1-2 degrees of development delay there are no signs of chronic hypoxia.
If there are symptoms of hypoxia, regardless of the severity of a state that is amenable to drug correction, pregnancy is not less than up to 32-34 weeks.
In the absence of the reaction of the fetus on the therapy (it does not grow), the deterioration of the state of the mother and the threat of its life is carried out early delivery.
The delay in the growth of the fetus up to 37 weeks of gestation does not always lead to a cesarean section. It is carried out according to the following testimony:
- critical deterioration of the child's condition;
- ZVOR 3 degree;
- 2 delay in combination with obstetric pathology;
- non-peppercope of the neck to childbirth;
- complicated history.
The operation is carried out under epidural anesthesia, in order to prevent the oppressive influence on the child of narcotic anesthetics.
If, with the existing hypotrophy, during childbirth, the state began to deteriorate, may be decided on an emergency caesarean section.
The delay in the development of the fetus leads to deviations in physical and neuropsychiatric development during the first years of life. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid states that can negatively affect the development of the child.
The site provides reference information solely to familiarize yourself. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases must be under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Consultation of a specialist is obligatory!
Elena asks:
the term of pregnancy on menstruation is 32.4 weeks, and the fruit corresponds to 31 weeks. Pregnancy: Analyzes Norma, fetal movement Active and weight 1,780. I feel good. The doctor gave direction to preservation, is it worth going to bed? What is the threat to the baby?
You need to undergo a survey, make a CTG fetal and an ultrasound with Doppler, pass tests for sex infections. If there is a delay of intrauterine development, it is necessary to undergo treatment in a hospital.
Natalia asks:
Good day!
I have a 20th week of pregnancy. On the period of 18 weeks and 6 days of ultrasound showed that the diameter of the skull and the abdomen of the fetus of the fetus corresponds to a period of 19 + 2 and 19 + 3 weeks, and the length of the femoral bone corresponds to 18 + 4 weeks. Previous ultrasound also showed that the fetal femoral bone is approximately a week compared to other parameters. Do I have a reason for concern due to these data or such variations in the development of the fetus are quite normal? I really want to give birth to a healthy, properly developed baby!
Thank you.
If possible, please indicate the digital values \u200b\u200bof the biometric data of the fetus.
Lana asks:
I have at 32 weeks in Uzi, the following fetometry indicators: BPR-83, OG-303, OH-284, LZR-110, BK-57. Weight - 1830 gr. The doctor did not like the BC, the rest speaks normally. In the previous ultrasound, they also showed that BC lags behind a week or two. Is there a reason for anxiety? What can I encounter when the child's birth?
Try not to worry in advance, in some cases, such a decrease in the length of the femoral bone does not bear any pathology, finally evaluate the development of the baby, it will be possible on an ultrasound of 38-39 weeks.
Lisa asks:
i did a test for ovulation :, I know the date of conception for sure. I took it to the hospital with sharp pains without bleeding. There was a suspicion of a flometer. Diagnosis was canceled-put a twin-sided satellite. There are also cysts, one bleeded , the fruit seems to be appropriate for the ultrasound sizes, and on the trace. HCG-16000 fingered, but the ultrasound said for 3-4 weeks, Ie lagging behind. That I know the exact date of conception, suspicion that ovulation could be late. Gormonov. I appointed 200ml.3Rea a day in the afternoon. To increase the hormonal background. How will insufficient development affect the child at the beginning of the term. What is the forecast in general?
It is recommended to pass the blood to progesterone if the level is really low, then taking the ureasia you fully fulfill the lack of this hormone and it will only positively affect pregnancy. If there is a pronounced delay in the development of the fetus, it is recommended to consult a specialist with a doctor and pass the analysis of sex infections.
Lisa asks:
Good day!
I have 34 weeks and 2 days. Made an ultrasound and we were told that the fruit fell behind and wrote 32 weeks. Here is the data:
Biparient head size - 8.7 cm
Head Circle - 31.2 cm
Abdominal circle - 27.8 cm
Length of the femur - 6.4 cm
Length of the shoulder bone - 5.4 cm
Heartbeat - 140.
PMP - 2000 gr
Dopplerometry:
See - 4,2
Ap - 3.8.
A lion. Ma - N.
Etc. Ma - N.
Anatomy of the fetus:
Intestine - rated EchoClotiosm. (what disassembled)
Placette thickness - 3.5 cm
The degree of maturity allocated 2 and 3 underlined "does not correspond to the term of pregnancy"
Pupovina has 3 vessels.
What will give conclusion?
Is the fetus lagging behind? And is it critical that need to be treated?
And what about the placenta?
Thank you very much in advance.
According to ultrasound research, there is a slight lag for the development of the fetus for the term of pregnancy. However, in this case, a personal consultation of the doctor of the gynecologist is necessary - a clinical examination is needed, checking the correctness of determining the term of pregnancy. In this case, on the basis of only the data of one ultrasound study, it is impossible to identify the lag in the development of the placenta and the fetus.
Olga asks:
Good evening! I have 38 weeks, made an ultrasound, they said the development corresponds to 32 weeks!
Data Ultrasound:
Biparient head size - 87,1 mm Head Circle - 324 mm Abdomen Circle - 340 mm, OG - 307 mm, Length of the femoral bone - 67.6 mm, Beklara core 7 mm, B.Betsova - 58.0 mm, M.Betsova - 55.9 mm, elbow bone - 57, 7 mm, radiation bone - 54.8 mm, length of shoulder bone - 54.6 mm
The placenta thickness is 31, 4 mm. The degree of maturity is allocated 2, overlaps the inner zev: No. Pupovina has 3 vessels, a one-time jokes around the neck.
Conclusion: a decrease in the length of the shoulder and femoral bone is drawn, the ratio of the BC of the coolant 0.2, 197 (norm 0.2-0.24). SZVRP? Congenital damage to the bone system development?
What will give conclusion? How serious is it?
Victoria asks:
Hello.
In 29.1 weeks did ultrasound.
BPR- 80.22 mm 32N1D),
LZR-101.61 mm
OG- 280.7 (30N5D)
OZH- 264.98 mm (30N.4D)
DB-54.00 mm (28n4d)
Weight 1515 plus minus 221 gr (29n.5d)
In 12 weeks, TVP was 1.1.
Biochemical blood test 1: 145 SD.
Combined Test SD (Ultrasound + Blood) 1: 914
The puncture did not do, at 20 weeks there are no ultrasound results, did not give, but they spoke everything in order and the baby is big.
Now read: the lag of the femoral bones is considered a marker of chromosomal pathology. And I just have a lag and even compared to your head. Is there a reason for anxiety?
Unfortunately, according to the information you have given, it is impossible to make clear conclusions about the development of the fetus - the data of the last ultrasound of 20 weeks is necessary. Usually, in a similar situation, expert ultrasound is appointed at 22 pregnancy weeks. It is according to the results of this ultrasound, it is possible to determine the degree of risk of birth of a child with chromosomal anomalies, as well as to determine the need for invasive diagnosis (core or amniocente). In more detail about the importance of ultrasound diagnostics, in identifying various violations in the development of the fetus and placenta, as well as to decipher the results of the ultrasound, you can read in our medical information section dedicated to this method of diagnostics: ultrasound. More information about the biochemical screening, which is carried out by pregnant women to identify chromosomal fruit anomalies, you can read in the section of the same name: screening.
Anna asks:
Was on the ultrasound at 31 week and 5 days. Uzi indicators are as follows: BPR-81, OG-299, OH-272, LZR-104, BK-57, lower leg dice - 50, length of shoulder bone - 51, bone length - 43. Weight -1690 gr. The doctor said the handles and legs are a little behind. Is the normal fetal indicators?
Upon your pregnancy, the femur bone of the fetus can be from 54 to 64 mm (you have 57), shoulder bone - from 51 to 59 mm, so it cannot be said that the child lags behind in growth. You do not need to worry, all children are developing in different ways: just as adults, children have a different complexion, the physique. The results obtained are within the acceptable norm, which suggests that development is normally. All you will be fine, do not worry! More information about the intrauterine development of the fetus you can get information in the section: Ultrasound during pregnancy
Natalia asks:
Good day! Passed ultrasound at 32 weeks
BPD 80.
LZR 103.
BK 59.
PC 53.
OG 289.
NEW 268.
Weight 1704 gr
The doctor said that the tummy small does not correspond to the deadline.
Please tell me if it is and what is fraught with.
thanks in advance
For the term of pregnancy at 32 weeks, the minimum permissible value of the abdomen circle is 258 mm, in your case, the baby's abdominal circle is laid within the norm. There should be no reasons for panic, especially since the remaining indicators are also normal. In more detail about the value of ultrasound diagnostics in determining the deadlines of pregnancy and identifying pathology of pregnancy, you can read in our article: ultrasound during pregnancy.
Christina asks:
Tell me, whether these parameters are complyed with 33 weeks of pregnancy:
BPR 80mm
LZR 106mm
BK 59 mm
Such dimensions are rather characteristic of the term of pregnancy in 32 weeks of pregnancy. Perhaps the term of your pregnancy is less calculated by the doctor. Nevertheless, it is desirable to repeat the ultrasound at the 36th week of pregnancy and re-evaluate the development of the fetus. In more detail about deciphering ultrasound during pregnancy, you can read in our article: ultrasound during pregnancy. Read more about the development of the fetus for weeks of pregnancy, you can read in the section: Pregnancy Calendar.
Elvira asks:
Please indicate the start date of the last menstruation so that we can objectively assess the available indicators. You can get information about the development of the fetus on different periods of pregnancy in the thematic section of our site by clicking on the link: pregnancy calendar
Elvira comments:
Please also inform us what number has been conducted.
Elvira asks:
Hello. The term of gestation is 37 weeks, according to BPRI35 weeks, according to the coolant 31.6 weeks, on dB 35 weeks at the same time, the head of the head 87 mm, the coolant 28 mm, OG 319 mm and dB 68 - 68mm and the weight of 2216. With all the indicators Normal and CTGs and blood circulation and tests. Tell me, please, in these indicators we can assume that the fruit is lagging behind in development and need to go to the hospital or is it an option of the norm? Thanks in advance!
For this period of pregnancy, the biparity size is normal from 85 to 98 m, the coolant is from 299 to 361, OG from 307 to 353, dB - from 66 to 76 mm. Given these norms, you have no reason for concern - all indicators relate to the option of the norm. Developing fruit, as well as adults, may be small or large, but it does not speak of a deviation from normal development. By weight, the fruit is slightly lower than the norm, but if there are other normal indicators confirmed on the ultrasound, KTG, according to the results of the screen, you do not need to panic. Do not worry and get ready for childbirth. More on this issue you can get information in the thematic section of our website: pregnancy calendar
Zhanna asks:
Hello! Today was on the ultrasound of the term of pregnancy 38st3days
BPD 8.36. 33Ned5DN
OKRGOL 29.63. 32Ned.5DN
Okrzhiv 29.42. 33Ned3Dnya
DLBEDRK 6.78. 34Ned6DN
Brain 5.16. 37Ned3DN
Pregnancy corresponds to 34ned1DN
Doppler violations M.P.K. and PP. Geodynamics of the fetus is not changed.
KTG is normal.
Stand Zvorssitrichny. The last date of the Moldovation 15.02.2013 (although I'm already in doubt) (((
Anna asks:
Good day! Yesterday was on the ultrasound, the period 28 weeks.
Uzi put a period of 28 weeks and 4 days,
all the indicators are normal, but confuses that DLBEDRK 4.9
On 24 weeks, Uzi Albedrk was 4.3.
Is it normal?
thanks for the answer
In this case, you have no reason for excitement, the norm for your pregnancy is from 40 to 48 mm, and exceeding 1 mm does not cause concerns. Read more about the question of interest you can get information in the thematic section of our site by clicking on the link: pregnancy calendar
Catherine asks:
Hello! Yesterday I was on the ultrasound of the pregnancy. 32nd BPR80mm DLBEDRK 59 mm Dlkg 49 mm DLPK 50 mm Dlkp 40 mm DG 68 mm J 77 mm. Pregnancy corresponds to 31-32nd. Stand Zvorssitrichny. The last date of the Moldovation 04/04/2013.Force, tell me everything is so bad?
L.
Yana asks:
Hello! Today it was on an ultrasound of 31.6 weeks of BPR 78, OG 292, coolant 249, dB 58, a mass of fetal 1490, moderate lowland, hemodynamic indicators in the mother-placental-fruit system and in SMA within the normal range. In conclusion they write a pregnancy 31-32 weeks. Mixed-berical prediction. Asymmetric form of transm. Please tell me how bad everything is?
Oksana asks:
Hello! Was on the ultrasound, my indicators: a period of monthly 31 weeks5 days. BPR 77, OG 290, OH 273, dB 59, DP 53. The size of the fetus corresponds to 30 weeks8 days. The doctor said the baby is short-legged. Why could she say so? The length of the hip is not short? I'm very worried.
In this pregnancy, the fetal feet length on average is normal from 54 to 64 mm, the damina of the shoulder bone is from 51 to 59 mm, so your indicators are within the normal range, therefore there is no reason for experiences. You can get additional information on the question of interest to you in the relevant section of our site by clicking on the following link: ultrasound during pregnancy pregnancy calendar
Victoria asks:
Hello, I am 28 years old. Pregnancy fourth. Made a non-planner ultrasound for a period of 26 weeks and 1 day. Results: BPR head. 58 LZR 81. OG 228. NEW 200 dB 47. DP of dice 42. Put the lag in the development of the fetus for a week. Low placentating. I want to note that on the previous ultrasound, all the parameters were normal lagged only the fetal head. What are the forecasts with such parameters of the ultrasound ???? Is it possible to change the treatment, for example. ???
In this situation, I recommend that you, first of all, do not worry - the lag is insignificant, since it is normal for your term of pregnancy amounts to 61-73 mm. The ultrasound errors are not excluded, as well as the definition of the term of pregnancy. In this case, observation is required in dynamics, as well as consultation of a gynecologist's doctor for inspection, excluding fetal hypoxia. If necessary, the attending physician will appoint you adequate treatment. You can get more detailed information on the question of interest. You can in the themed section of our site by clicking on the following link: ultrasound during pregnancy
Dia asks:
Hello. I have a period of 38 weeks of 6 days, almost full of 39 weeks. By ultrasound, it is 37-38 weeks. And the size of the child: the weight of about 3000, BPR -91 mm., OH -328, DBK -71. Tell me, these figures for 39 weeks are normal or we have a delay in development. On the Internet looked, the BPD 91 corresponds to 37 weeks. Thank you!
According to the ultrasound data, the gestational period of pregnancy is determined (from conception), which is always 2 weeks on average less than the obstetric period (from the first day of the last menstruation). Your indicators correspond to the permissible norm, so there is no reason for experiences. For more information on this issue, read in the appropriate cycle of articles of our site by clicking on the link: ultrasound during pregnancy. For more information, you can also get in the next section of our website: pregnancy calendar
Dia asks:
Hello. I would like to ask one more question. 8 days ago was a doctor, she measured the abdomen, the height of the bottom of the uterus and weight. I went today, it turned out that my weight did not change, the same as it was a week ago, the height of the bottom of the uterus became less than 1 cm., And the abdomen became less than 3 cm. Pregnancy term (one month) 39 weeks The doctor said that the head of the child went down to the entrance to the small pelvis. Tell me, the fact that the weight does not change and the volumes of the abdomen and VMS are normal - is it normal? Or so it should not be? I worry because of this, the child is normally developing.
This state should not scare you - when the periods of childbirth are approaching, the bottom of the uterus is really descended, and the configuration of the belly can change. You can get more detailed information on the question of interest in the relevant section of our site by clicking on the following link: pregnancy calendar. For more information, you can also get in the next section of our website: childbirth and in the cycle of articles: obstetrician
Victoria asks:
Hello! I have 33 weeks of pregnancy. Was yesterday at ultrasound. Results:
Bipariant head size: 87
Fear Length: 62
The length of the leg bones: 53
Length of the shoulder bone: 54
Length of the bones of the forearm: 48
Chest Circle: 71
Abdominal Circle: 296
For 33 weeks, such results are normal or something should not be so?
Also, I was told that the baby has a single sampling of the umbilical cord around the neck - how dangerous is it?
I also found the same signs of premature aging placenta + placenta cyst. What to do and how is it dangerous for a child? Thank you.
In this case, it is not necessary to panic - the parameters defined on the ultrasound correspond to the gestation period. The campus of the umbilical will be taken into account by the doctor an obstetrician when taking birth. Signs of premature aging of the placenta are not so dangerous, they are most often the individual features of the course of pregnancy and are taken into account when dynamically observed in the attending physician of the gynecologist.
You can get more detailed information on the question of interest to you in the thematic section of our site by clicking on the following link: Uzi during pregnancy. For more information, you can also get in the next section of our website: pregnancy calendar
irina asks:
Good day! Please tell me the period of pregnancy was 36 weeks and the volume of the abdomen then was 100. In 37 weeks it came - 99 cm. After 2 days 97. Should I worry. Maybe you should do ultrasound? At the doctor's
Not yet
It is not worth worrying in this case, since the change in the circumference of the abdomen can be associated with many reasons, including with common weight fluctuations. Considering that at the 36th week of pregnancy, the abdomen circle on average is about 90 cm, the pathology is unlikely. However, I recommend that you do an ultrasound to eliminate the lowland and personally visit the attending physician for inspection. You can learn more detailed information on this issue in the relevant section of our site by clicking on the following link.
The fetal abdomen is measured in the second and third screen during the ultrasound: 22 and 32 weeks, respectively. Dates may change slightly, so we will provide the norm of the coast on weeks of pregnancy.
Specialist Uzi will measure the abdominal circumference along the liver, stomach and umbilical veins. Usually here is the largest diameter of the tummy of the fetus.
The stomach circumference is not measured to determine the gestational age of the fetus, this indicator is necessary for evaluation only.
Fetal abdomen
The norms specified in our table are indicative. Permissible deviation + - a couple of weeks. Those., If the fetus is 124mm for 19 weeks, then this is not critical.
Do not hurry to panic if the value you got on ultrasound differs from the norm. To begin with, contact the gynecologist or write to me in the comments: Let's try to figure it out if you just tomorrow and all Valerian in the house already brewing.
In girls, often in the comments are worried during deviations in the third trimester. It was during this period that the kids in the womb grow particularly unevenly. Therefore, if the severity of the tummy is slightly different, there is no reason for a panic at all. If the difference is quite impressive, it is worth repeating an ultrasound in a couple of weeks - in most cases the fruit "lines the indicators."
In the case where the difference in the indicators exceeds the standard standards, the ultrasound in conclusion indicates the delay in the intrauterine development of the fetus (ZVOR). But when this diagnosis is made, the ratio of the coolant is calculated to other indicators (to the circle of the head, the length of the hip, BPR). If the internal organs, and accordingly, the size of the abdomen, small size, and the rest is observed, the doctor indicates that the delay in the development of asymmetric form. If all parts of the body and the fetus organs are less than necessary on the standards, this is a symmetric form of development delay.
If the child begins to lag in development, it is noticeable to the middle or by the end of the second trimester. And in most cases the delay is manifested not just like that. It is a consequence, or placenta, defects of fetal development, etc.
It is often that the baby has a mismatch with norms, there is wines and the most future mother. These are the factors to which a woman can affect (bad habits, poor nutrition, heavy fiz. Loads, caries, STDs, infections) and which cannot (diabetes, chronic heart disease, kidney, lungs, hypertension, obesity, anemia) .
A multiple pregnancy should be considered slightly different. In this case, the lag in the development of one of the children (and sometimes at once) is natural.
The chart below contains indicators of the norms of the American Pregnancy Association and it is tested by the best experts in this area:
Even if you were diagnosed by Zvor Fetal - this does not mean that there is no chance to give birth to a healthy child. It is necessary to start treatment in a timely manner, listen and fulfill all the recommendations of the attending physician and everything will definitely be in order.
- Essence of the procedure
- Norms and deviations
- Description of the main indicators
- I trimester
- II trimester
- III trimester
At various stages of pregnancy, fetometry is regularly carried out - this is determining the size of the fetus by an ultrasound. The data obtained during the survey has been subjected to statistical analysis for many years, and on their basis, a table with indicators of the norm on weeks was drawn up.
It is the main parameter for a more accurate determination of the term and allows us to find out whether there is no deviation in the intrauterine development of any deviations. Knowing what it is, young parents themselves can make sure that everything is in order for an ultrasound study.
Essence of the procedure
Most often an ultrasonic fetometry is carried out or a transvaginal sensor, or traditionally through the belly. In the first case, there is no preparation from a woman. Classic ultrasound will show more accurate results if in the early time an hour before the procedure to drink 500 ml of water and do not empty the bladder. Filled, it will help improve visibility in the uterus. After 12 weeks it is no longer required, since this function will be performed by spindle water.
The procedure is familiar to all: a special gel is applied on the stomach, and everything that happens intumetically is displayed on the computer monitor. Modern programs allow you to automatically produce fruit measurements, and the doctor already compares them with a common table standards for weeks. This allows you to clarify the term of pregnancy and timely identify pathology in the development of the fetus.
Why is the so called? The term "fetometry" goes back to the Latin Word "Fetus" (translated as "offspring") and the Greek "Metreo" (it means to "measure, define").
Norms and deviations
Parents are useful to know what is the norm, according to the table of fetometry, and when they talk about pathological deviations. After seeing a minor divergence of true dimensions with official indicators, many begin to panic and make the wrong conclusions that in most cases it turns out completely in vain.
- the fetus data fully corresponds to the sizes in the table;
- they lag behind or ahead of them less than 2 weeks (this term is admissible for individual characteristics);
- the indicators are not on the same line, but the groza, but this difference is not more than 1 lines: these discrepancies are permissible due to the hopping intrauterine development of the fetus.
Everything else belongs to cases of deviations. It is especially dangerous when the fetal fetterium already shows that one and the same size is greater than or less than the norm on 2 or even more lines.
For example, the growing circle of the head may indicate hydrocephalus, but to confirm the diagnosis, additional data obtained during Dopplerometry and CTGs and the observation in dynamics will be needed.
For comparison. If all the dimensions of the fetus "fit" to the norm specified in the Fetometry table, except, for example, the length of the hip, this is still not an indicator of pathology. Perhaps parents or other relatives of the child are just possessors of very long (or, on the contrary, too short) legs.
If there are deviations, such serious diagnoses such as the "delay of intrauterine development", "hypotrophy" are confirmed by two doctors: not only an obstetrician-gynecologist, but also a medical genetic. They estimate the genetic predisposition of the fetus and determine the causes of the detected pathology (chromosomal anomalies, bad habits, the age of parents, intrauterine infection, etc.).
It is very important that the decoding of the obtained indicators was primarily an obstetrician-gynecologist: an ultrasound specialist only provides him with a consolidated statement, where it is indicated which dimensions and how different from the norm of fetometry for this period of pregnancy. What exactly are the parameters taken into account during the screenings?
Description of the main indicators
To figure out what kind of fetal fetter data for weeks are contained in the tables, you need to know the conventions of these parameters and their decoding.
- BPR - biparity size, the distance between the dark bones, describes the development of the nervous system.
- DB - the length of the hip.
- DG - lower leg length.
- DN - length of the nasal bone.
- DP - length of the shoulder.
- CRT - Copchiko-parmer size.
- Lzr - Lobno-occipital size.
- OG is a head circumference.
- OG (DGK) is the volume of the chest (the diameter of the chest).
- OH - abdominal circumference.
- PJ - transverse abdominal diameter.
- Py is a fruit egg where the child develops.
- SJ - the sagittal diameter of the abdomen (measured in the front-rear direction).
- TVP - thickness of the collar space.
Such is the decoding of the indicators that are most often indicated in the table of fetometry. It can also include the lengths of other bones - more and small-tech, elbow, radiation, as well as the feet. But they no longer have such importance to identify pathologies - are used for comparison only as additional information.
Among other things, it is possible to calculate the weight of the fetus of fetometry carried out after 20 weeks of pregnancy. All calculations are made automatically by the ultrasound apparatus itself on the basis of the term, BPR, LZR, OH, DB and OG. They give very accurate results and allow them to compare them on a table with norms.
I trimester
The first fetometry is assigned to 12-13 weeks. Her goal is to identify the malformations of the fetus in the early periods of pregnancy.
This ultrasonic screening does not define a specific disease, but only indicates markers typical of it. Based on the results obtained, additional research can be appointed. All suspected suspicions are confirmed or refuted by invasive laboratory techniques.
Some fetometry indicators can be refined. For example, experts use during the first screening table of medium values \u200b\u200bof the CTR, since this size is very important to identify deviations in the intrauterine development of the fetus.
For options, the norms of the doctors include an increase in the CTR for 1-2 weeks. If pregnancy is not complicated by diabetes mellitus of mother and rhesv conflict, this may mean that the baby will be born a real warring and its weight will be more than 4 kg, and this in some cases may be a testimony for cesarean sections.
Here are such important data gives the first fetometry specialists.
About timing. The first ultrasonic screening is carried out precisely during this period due to the indicator of the TVP. Up to 11 weeks, he is so small that it cannot be measured. And after 14 weeks, this space is filled with lymph, which distorts the results of the study. It is this parameter that is the marker of most chromosomal deviations of the fetus.
II trimester
The time frame of the second ultrasonic fetometry should be laid in the following dates:
- no earlier than 16 weeks;
- no later than 20;
- the most optimal option is 17 weeks, which, when detecting deviations, will allow to pass more accurate additional genetic surveys;
- sometimes the ultrasound is carried out for 21-22 weeks, but this is the most extreme and undesirable time frame.
The first ultrasound screening gives the most accurate results, but often even their not enough to accuracy the diagnosis. To do this, many indicators need to be seen in the dynamics. Here is it just demonstrate the data of the second fetometry.
It performs the following tasks:
- identify vices that cannot be defined in the first trimester;
- confirm / refute the diagnosis pre-vested according to the results of the first screening;
- determine the level of risk of suspected fetal pathologies;
- detect deviations in the formation of a small organism.
Trimester II fetometry is assigned only to those women who, according to the results of the first ultrasound, hit the risk group.
Approximate norms of ultrasound on this period of pregnancy are presented in the following tables.
Height Weight
Surrounding abdomen
Circle head
Shin length
Length Hip.
Length of the shoulder bone
Bone Length forearch
If for some reason, the deadlines of the second fetometry were shifted, you can use a table with the average indicators from 21 to 27 weeks:
After examining the data of the second fetometry, the gynecologist can send a woman to a consultation to genetics or independently assign invasive techniques to diagnose suspects of pathologies. In cases where the diagnosis is still confirmed, a decision is made on the further fate of pregnancy.
If therapeutic adjustment is impossible, artificial calling is carried out (about artificial gods, read in our article). If the detected pathology is reversible, treatment is prescribed as quickly as possible to save the baby.
III trimester
The third fetometry can be assigned to any day of the III trimester of pregnancy. The optimal period is 32-33 weeks. Since at this stage it is nearing childbirth, the ultrasound is carried out more carefully than before.
For example, the baby's face is already looking perfectly, which makes it possible to determine such pathologies like wolf mouth or holy lip. The doctor finds out how far the fruit is developed in accordance with the term of pregnancy.
It is usually not recommended to conduct such studies later than 34 weeks. However, there are cases when they are prescribed immediately before the kindresses (in 37-38 weeks) to make the final decision on the cesarean section or the natural birth of the baby.
Table of average values \u200b\u200bof the third fethetometry of the fetus for weeks
If there are deviations at this stage, the woman is offered hospitalization. With the negative dynamics of the obtained testimony, doctors may decide to stimulate premature labor.
Helpful information. Everyone around (women, and often doctors themselves) love to talk about the importance of the first two fetometry and the optional third. But only it allows you to make a right decision on how to carry out upcoming birth with minimal losses for mom and baby.
Information from the fetal fetal tables is familiarized. It is not recommended to make parents to make some independent conclusions, comparing the results obtained with norms, because they do not always reflect validity and require mandatory deciphering specialists.
»Pregnancy for weeks
Circle of the abdomen of the fetus for weeks
The fetus abdomen circle is one of the important measurements of the ultrasound during pregnancy, which, ideally, should be monitored every week.
How does the fetus abdomen be measured and what is its average indicators
The stomach circumference (hereinafter referred to as the coat) is measured in the plane, where the stomach is visible, a bubble vein, a gallbladder. The table located below shows the average rates of coolant corresponding to each week of development. However, it should be remembered that these figures are only averaged data, each child they may differ.
Table of values \u200b\u200bof the main fetal fetas for weeks
OK. - Fetal abdomen Og - Head circumference BPD - Bipariant head size (distance between temporal bones) DB - Length of the hip
How to measure the measurement of the abdomen of the abdomen for weeks to identify the anomalies for the development of the fetus
If the index of the abdomen of the fetus lags behind the standard sizes for 2 or more weeks, doctors can put the child a diagnosis of "syndrome of intrauterine development delay" (ZVOR, hypotrophy). When this diagnosis is raised, the parameter itself is estimated, and the relationship: OG / OH, BPR / OH and DB / OH, etc. The first signs of the syndrome can be seen already in 24-26 weeks. Usually at this time the doctor reveals the symmetric form of hypotrophy when the baby lags behind the norm on all industrial. This type of syndrome is rare. More often an asymmetric form of delay in the development of the fetus. At the same time, the head and the skeleton of the baby grow normally, and the internal organs are reduced. In other words, the circle of the head, the bipariental size and the thigh length correspond to the timing of pregnancy, and the fetal abdomen circle is reduced. In this case, the ratio / coolant, BPD / OH and DB / OH will be below the norm. But only a doctor can put the final diagnosis..
Fetal Development Syndrome (ZVOR, Hypotrophy)
The slow development of the internal organs of the child is often caused by a violation of their nutrition. Blood with nutrients comes first to the head of the baby, and the rest of the body are not allowed to increase the material for growth. Along with hypotrophy, hypoxia is usually identified at the fetus, i.e. Lack of oxygen supply. Poor power supply of the fetal can be caused by several reasons:
- if the placenta, through which blood comes to the child from the mother, has too small dimensions, the improper structure is lowered or peeled;
- mother's poor health: hypertension, anemia, heart disease, kidney and lung, caries, diabetes, obesity;
- poor food of pregnant women: malnutrition, little proteins and vitamins in food;
- harmful habits (smoking, alcohol, drugs), sex infections, severe physical work of the mother;
- some drugs, for example, vasoconducting, also disturb the bloodstream in the umbilical cord and placenta;
- if the kids are somewhat, then the nutrition may not be enough for everyone;
- violations of the child itself: chromosomal diseases (Down syndrome), malformations of internal organs, metabolic disorders.
On time, the started treatment often helps to ensure adequate nutrition of the kid during the intrauterine development and reduce the risk of complications. If the treatment is not started, then the appearance of such children has large risks in such children, great stillwomen. Newborn are subject to infections, they have impaired maintenance of body temperature, the jaundice is observed. Subsequently, these children have an increased risk of developing obesity, hypertension and weak immunity. I liked the article, tell us about friends:
Circle of the abdomen of the fetus for weeks of pregnancy: how is this indicator important?
During pregnancy, the fruit is continuously growing and developing, and the future motley regularly passes all the necessary surveys to control this process. One of the methods is ultrasound, and with it, you can not only determine the position of the fetus, but to carry out various measurements of the future child. It is very important to determine the conchion of the abdomen of the fetus for weeks of pregnancy, since this figure reports on the physical and mental development of a non-born baby, the presence of pathologies and potential anomalies in the children's body. It is impossible to determine this mandatory evaluation criterion on the eye, therefore, the screening procedure is applied, which a lot will guide about the health status of the future child in the intrauterine period. Up to 14 weeks, the CTR is such an important indicator. Which as well as coolant is part of fetal fetometry.
Norms of the fetus of the fetus Monday
As a rule, the testimony of the circumference of the abdomen of the fetus for weeks is compared with a special table, and these values \u200b\u200bare somewhat different at different times and in different trimesters. Be sure to measure this measurement on 2 and 3 planned screening (approximately twentieth and thirty-ninth weeks), and the differences obtained allow us to judge the development of a new organism. Indicators of the fetus, obtained by ultrasound, are compared with the table of normal values. First of all, it is important to figure out how the measure is performed by the ultrasound. Everything is simple: the fetal is a conditional segment conducted along the liver, stomach and umbilical veins. You can perform measurement only on a special ultrasound device, and it is important to obtain an extremely accurate value in order not to doubt the systematic development of the embryo in the intrauterine period. When the doctor is relevant, then immediately compares the norm. To understand what are the perfect values, you should bring some examples from the table:
- 14 weeks - coolant is 85 mm;
- 20 week - coolant reaches 144 mm;
- 26 The obstetric week - the coolant is greater than 217 mm;
- 30 obstetric week - an indicator of coolant varies within 365 mm;
- 40 Obstetric Week - Characteristic measurement can reach 350 mm.
Features of deviations from the norm
Finding out what kind of fetus is, it remains only to deal with the standards and real deviations, from which they depend on and what they say. If, in a specific case, a deviation is deviated from the norm of the abdomen of the fruit, then this is not a reason for panic. It is possible that the genetic features of the structure of the building occur, and in small parental growth, in most cases, especially tiny kids are born, and the first argument in favor of physiological deviations. By the way, girls are also smaller than boys, so the sexuality of the fetus can also be of great importance. Different reasons may affect the development of fetal deviations, including the lifestyle of the future mother. To immediately exclude the risk of pathology, the doctor conducts a qualitative examination of all internal organs and systems, sends a pregnant patient to the reception to genetics. It is much worse when a pathology is obvious on the monitor screen, which does not simply affect the intrauterine development of the embryo, but also provides a number of congenital diseases. If the fetal abdomen is noticeably violated on the ultrasound, the doctor puts a preliminary conclusion - ZVOR, that is, the delay of intrauterine development. With indicators when the internal organs and the abdomen of normal size, the disease obtained the definition of asymmetric shape; When their dimensions are clearly reduced against the backdrop of a small abdomen, the disease acquires a symmetrical shape. One way or another, a complete diagnosis of a pregnant body is required and at the same time the doctor may question successful delivery. Such deviations may be due to bad habits. When there is a smoking and alcoholism, placenta hypoplasia or impaired blood flow, or diagnoses such as colds, diabetes mellitus. Chronic kidney lesions, liver, hearts. Whatever the cause of deviations of the development of the fetus from the norms of the norm, it is necessary to solve such a problem immediately. But in order to detect pathology in a timely manner, you need to go to the gynecologist as soon as possible to register and strictly fulfill all the recommendations of the doctor, do not miss planned inspections and analyzes and even undergo unscheduled surveys if the doctors consider them necessary.
OK fetal on ultrasound
The fetal abdomen is measured in the second and third screen during the ultrasound: 22 and 32 weeks, respectively. Dates may change slightly, so we will provide the norm of the coast on weeks of pregnancy. Specialist Uzi will measure the abdominal circumference along the liver, stomach and umbilical veins. Usually here is the largest diameter of the tummy of the fetus. The stomach circumference is not measured to determine the gestational age of the fetus, this indicator is necessary to evaluate only the development and growth of the fetus.
Fetal abdomen
The norms specified in our table are indicative. Permissible deviation + - a couple of weeks. Those. If the fetus is 124mm for 19 weeks, then this is not critical. Do not hurry to panic if the value you got on ultrasound differs from the norm. To begin with, contact the gynecologist or write to me in the comments: Let's try to figure it out if you just tomorrow and all Valerian in the house already brewing. In the article about fetometry, the girl often in the comments are worried during deviations in the third trimester. It was during this period that the kids in the womb grow particularly unevenly. Therefore, if the severity of the tummy is slightly different, there is no reason for a panic at all. If the difference is quite impressive, it is worth repeating the ultrasound after a couple of weeks - in most cases the fruit levels the indicators. In the case where the difference in the indicators exceeds the standard standards, the ultrasound in conclusion indicates the delay in the intrauterine development of the fetus (ZVOR). But when this diagnosis is made, the ratio of the coolant is calculated to other indicators (to the circle of the head, the length of the hip, BPR). If the internal organs, and accordingly, the size of the abdomen, small size, and the rest is observed, the doctor indicates that the delay in the development of asymmetric form. If all parts of the body and the fetus organs are less than necessary on the standards, this is a symmetric form of development delay. If the child begins to lag in development, it is noticeable to the middle or by the end of the second trimester. And in most cases the delay is manifested not just like that. It is a consequence of blood flow. hyperplasia (thickening) or placenta hypoplasia, fetal defects, etc. It is often that the baby has a mismatch with norms, there is wines and the most future mother. These are the factors to which a woman can affect (bad habits, poor nutrition, heavy fiz. Loads, caries, STDs, infections) and which cannot (diabetes, chronic heart disease, kidney, lungs, hypertension, obesity, anemia) . A multiple pregnancy should be considered slightly different. In this case, the lag in the development of one of the children (and sometimes at once) is natural. The chart below contains indicators of the norms of the American Pregnancy Association and it is tested by the best experts in this area:
Even if you were diagnosed by Zvor Fetal - this does not mean that there is no chance to give birth to a healthy child. It is necessary to start treatment in a timely manner, listen and fulfill all the recommendations of the attending physician and everything will definitely be in order.
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Ultrasound during pregnancy has long been understandable and familiar procedure, because this is the easiest, reliable and informative method of controlling the state of the fetus. As a rule, a specialist diagnostic during the study determines the term of pregnancy, and almost every patient refers to it as proper, without thinking - how exactly does the doctor define terms? And how exactly? What parameters use for this?
The role of ultrasound research
It is diagnostics with ultrasound that helps the doctors to reliably determine the timing of the child's hatching on the basis of the indicators of the most different character, but at the same time directly established for a more informative result.
Installation of the exact period also helps to predict the date of delivery, which is very important both from a medical point of view, and just to calm the future mother. It is necessary to know the most accurate period in order to control the development of the fetus, its condition, the ratio of norms with reality.
How does a specialist determines the timing?
Some patients believe that the doctor is enough to look at the image on the monitor - and immediately visually becomes clear "age" of a child, but this is, of course, not so. The specialist records the resulting embryo data and compares the norms of the norm.. Usually, the doctor has a special table with fixed indicators, where all relevant norms on weeks are painted. Quantitative indicators. Table # 1. Norms of indicators on the 5-10 week of pregnancy.
Table # 2. Norms of indicators for the second trimester.
| 11 | 17-21 | 10-16 | 52-73 |
| 12 | 22-24 | 17-21 | 58-83 |
| 13 | 25-27 | 23-28 | 73-95 |
| 14 | 28-30 | 27-31 | 84-110 |
| 15 | 31-33 | 32-39 | 110 |
| 16 | 34-37 | 41-49 | 111-135 |
| 17 | 38-41 | 45-54 | 122-149 |
| 18 | 42-47 | 48-59 | 131-160 |
| 19 | 48-49 | 52-63 | 142-174 |
| 20 | 50-53 | 56-67 | 154-186 |
| 21 | 54-56 | 61-72 | 167-200 |
| 22 | 57-60 | 65-76 | 178-211 |
| 23 | 61-64 | 68-80 | 190-223 |
| 24 | 65-67 | 71-85 | 201-236 |
Table No. 3. Norms of indicators for the third trimester.
| Pregnancy term (in weeks) | BPR (biparity size) (in millimeters) | Lobno-occipital size (in millimeters) | Head Circle (in millimeters) |
| 25 | 68-70 | 73-88 | 215-250 |
| 26 | 71-73 | 76-93 | 224-261 |
| 27 | 75-76 | 80-96 | 235-273 |
| 28 | 77-79 | 83-98 | 245-284 |
| 29 | 80-82 | 86-101 | 255-295 |
| 30 | 83-85 | 89-104 | 265-304 |
| 31 | 86-87 | 93-108 | 273-314 |
| 32 | 88-89 | 95-112 | 283-325 |
| 33 | 90-91 | 98-116 | 289-332 |
| 34 | 92-93 | 101-119 | 295-338 |
| 35 | 94-95 | 105-120 | 299-345 |
| 36 | 96-97 | 104-123 | 303-348 |
| 37 | 98-98 | 106-126 | 307-352 |
| 38 | 99-100 | 108-128 | 309-357 |
| 39 | 101-102 | 109-129 | 311-359 |
| 40 | 103 | 110-120 | 312-361 |
Table No. 4. Structures of the Fetal length.
| Pregnancy term (in weeks) | Embryo dimensions (centimeters) |
| 5 | 0,8 |
| 6 | 1,1 |
| 7 | 1,3 |
| 8 | 1,5 |
| 9 | 2,2 |
| 10 | 3,2 |
| 11 | 4,1 |
| 12 | 5,3 |
| 13 | 7,5 |
| 14 | 8,7 |
| 15 | 10 |
| 16 | 11,5 |
| 17 | 13,1 |
| 18 | 14,2 |
| 19 | 15,2 |
| 20 | 16,5 |
| 21 | 26,6 |
| 22 | 27,8 |
| 23 | 29,8 |
| 24 | 31 |
| 25 | 34,6 |
| 26 | 35,5 |
| 27 | 36,5 |
| 28 | 37,7 |
| 29 | 38,6 |
| 30 | 39,8 |
| 31 | 41,1 |
| 32 | 42,5 |
| 33 | 43,6 |
| 34 | 45 |
| 35 | 46,1 |
| 36 | 47,3 |
| 37 | 48,6 |
| 38 | 49,8 |
| 39 | 50,6 |
| 40 | 51,7 |
| 41 | 52 |
| 42 | 53 |
Table No. 5. Standards of the embryo abdomen.
| Pregnancy term (in weeks) | Abdominal circle (in millimeters) |
| 11 | 40-61 |
| 12 | 50-71 |
| 13 | 58-79 |
| 14 | 66-91 |
| 15 | 91 |
| 16 | 88-115 |
| 17 | 93-130 |
| 18 | 105-144 |
| 19 | 114-154 |
| 20 | 125-163 |
| 21 | 137-177 |
| 22 | 148-190 |
| 23 | 160-201 |
| 24 | 173-223 |
| 25 | 183-228 |
| 26 | 194-240 |
| 27 | 206-253 |
| 28 | 217-264 |
| 29 | 228-277 |
| 30 | 238-290 |
| 31 | 247-300 |
| 32 | 258-314 |
| 33 | 267-334 |
| 34 | 276-336 |
| 35 | 285-344 |
| 36 | 292-353 |
| 37 | 300-360 |
| 38 | 304-368 |
| 39 | 310-375 |
| 40 | 313-380 |
Table number 6. The norms of the thickness of the placenta.
| Pregnancy term (in weeks) | The optimal value of the thickness of the placenta (in millimeters) |
| 20 | 22-23 |
| 21 | 22,8-23,5 |
| 22 | 23,6-24,4 |
| 23 | 24,5-26 |
| 24 | 25,3-25,8 |
| 25 | 26,2-26,7 |
| 26 | 27-27,5 |
| 27 | 27,9-28,3 |
| 28 | 28,7-29 |
| 29 | 29,6-30 |
| 30 | 30,4-30,7 |
| 31 | 31,3-31,8 |
| 32 | 32,1-32,5 |
| 33 | 33-33,4 |
| 34 | 33,9-34,3 |
| 35 | 34,7-35 |
| 36 | 35,6-36 |
| 37 | 34,3-34,7 |
| 38 | 34,1-34,5 |
| 39 | 33,8-34 |
| 40 | 33,5-33,7 |
What exactly analytes a specialist?
The analyzed values \u200b\u200bof the norm depend on the trimester and the specific period. In the first trimester, special attention is paid to the length of the fetus, since this is the only parameter that gives reliable information. During this period there are no decisive differences in the development of embryos from different women, so the ultrasound establishes the "age" of a child up to a day.
The definition of the CTR when the second and third trimester ultrasound is the periods, during which it is impossible to achieve absolute accuracy, because from that moment on, embryos begin to develop individually. Doctors use average figures, but even in this case, the time is set as much as possible, and it is very possible to identify possible pathologies. At the same time, the specialists analyze such indicators as a child's head circumference, the diameter of the chest, the cocchico-darken distance of the embryo.
Now you need to analyze the value of the indicators presented in these tables that may cause questions in patients. Copchiko-darken distance - distance, respectively, from the edge of the embryo to the tailbone. Thanks to this, the most accurate definition of the period is possible, because these sizes are universal. Also, if there are factors that prevent the timing of the timelines, the CTR is the only reliable parameter in this case. The diameter of the fetal egg is directly fertilized egg, from which the embryo will develop in the future. Its dimensions, of course, directly depend on the specific period and have long been studied - the doctor is enough to look at the appropriate table. The diameter of the yolk bag is also an important indicatorb because the yolk bag throughout the development of the child plays a very important role (for example, in the first trimester, it supplies the bloodary system of nuclear erythrocytes). The dimensions are also always in the doctor's table. Biparic size - The distance between the dairy bones of the embryo. Lobno-occipital size - the distance between the frontal and the occipital bones respectively. Embryo length - It is calculated when the child is in the maximum "dispersed" state. Placenta thickness "It depends very much from the placenta: she protects the child, and supplies it with everything necessary, and produces many hormones. Therefore, it is very important to check for the compliance of its thickness standards laid by the term. If the state of the mother is stable, there are no deviations - the placenta thickness is enough to simply establish the "age" of the embryo.
Accuracy
Many women are interested - how exactly the ultrasound of the fetus helps determine the timing of weeks? Therefore, it is important to note that ultrasound diagnostics establishes obstetric dates, in other words, the "age" of the embryo is calculated from the first day of the last menstruation. Sometimes there is a situation when the patient, turning to the tables on the Internet and the results of the ultrasound, detects the differences of the term, so you need to know exactly what system the calculation was made, and not "sinful" to the imperfection of ultrasound diagnostics.
Pathology
The ultrasound of the fetus is informative not only as aid for determining the term, but also when the pathologies of different nature are found. Moreover, some of them can be discovered only with ultrasound, it is also important to note that, since the ultrasound can be made any often, this is a fairly effective method of control over the state of the fetus. So, the main pathologies that can be determined are:
- Development lag (detected by comparing regulatory parameters with reality, the indicators below the thresholds undoubtedly indicate the presence of anomaly).
- Various vices (also detected by inconsistencies in indicators).
- Major.
- Multi-way.
- Thickening placenta.
- Non-prompt pregnancy (indicators below standards (especially Copchiko-Durbs) in the first trimester).
When can you go to the diagnostic office?
Of course, modern ultrasound technologies allow you to detect an embryo after a week after conception, but most of the clinics are still not so perfect equipment. It is also important to note that for this it will be necessary to carry out an ultrasound with a transvaginal method, which is very dangerous for the future child and can cause a spontaneous miscarriage. So sooner the examination can only be done if there are special medical indications, in any other case, you can suffer with knowledge of the exact period. Contact the diagnostics are advised at the 5th week of pregnancy, when it is already possible to consider the fruit in more detail with the help of an ultrasound, to make certain conclusions and set the time with maximum accuracy.
Is it dangerous?
Some patients refuse ultrasound diagnostics both transvaginal and transabdominal method, referring to the danger of ultrasound. Indeed, these fears are logical, because the care of the health of the baby is peculiar to any mother. But the ultrasound is completely not dangerous for the embryo, even in a small time there is no reason to believe that ultrasound waves will damage the development of the child, will cause pathology or lead to miscarriage.
Probability of error
Any woman quite rightly can calculate that the size of the embryo is not the most reliable indicator for setting the term, because each child develops in different ways and determine the exact age of its age - difficult. But in fact, over the years of medical practice in the correctness of the deadline established on the ultrasound of the fetus, you can no longer doubt. If the woman is still questioning the results of the ultrasound - you can always conduct a number of additional diagnostic procedures, which in turn will allow you to determine the deadlines at the most accurate level. Ultrasound of the fetus is not only a method for monitoring the state of the fetus, controlling its development, but also quite reliable, accurate, informative, convenient and easy way to determine the deadline for weeks. According to many parameters, which over the years of development of ultrasound medicine have already been fully studied, the diagnostician defines the obstetric "age" of the embryo, using special tables to which a simple patient can rely.
Ultrasound studies are beginning to pass future mothers from early pregnancy. Usually in the early stages, they seek to determine the presence of a fertilized egg inside its body. Others resort to this type of diagnosis due to the emerging complications or the appearance of complaints in the form of pain, bleeding during pregnancy. In such cases, the gynecologist prescribes an unscheduled ultrasound. The planned ultrasound is carried out pregnant 3 times all the time of having a child. Screening research appoints to all future mothers. Thanks to the use of a regular diagnostic method, doctors managed to reduce the number of fulbirth and child mortality once in 5. These are very impressive results.
Fetometry fruit
Future mothers worries the development of their baby from the first days of pregnancy. Everyone is waiting for a healthy, full-fledged child in the last time. Fetometric indicators are the data that gives an opportunity to the specialist as accurately as possible to establish a period of flowing pregnancy, establish the compliance of the size of the child to the estimated period. In addition, they diagnose any visible disorders that can be in the fetus during its intrauterine development. The average size of the developing fetus is provided in a special table.
| 11 | 6.8 | 11 | 7 | 20 | 18 |
| 12 | 8.2 | 19 | 9 | 24 | 21 |
| 13 | 10.0 | 31 | 12 | 24 | 24 |
| 14 | 12.3 | 52 | 16 | 26 | 28 |
| 15 | 14.2 | 77 | 19 | 28 | 32 |
| 16 | 16.4 | 118 | 22 | 34 | 35 |
| 17 | 18.0 | 160 | 24 | 38 | 39 |
| 18 | 20.3 | 217 | 28 | 41 | 42 |
| 19 | 22.1 | 270 | 31 | 44 | 44 |
| 20 | 24.1 | 345 | 34 | 48 | 47 |
| 21 | 25.9 | 416 | 37 | 50 | 50 |
| 22 | 27.8 | 506 | 40 | 53 | 53 |
| 23 | 29.7 | 607 | 43 | 56 | 56 |
| 24 | 31.2 | 733 | 46 | 59 | 60 |
| 25 | 32.4 | 844 | 48 | 62 | 63 |
| 26 | 33.9 | 969 | 51 | 64 | 66 |
| 27 | 35.5 | 1135 | 53 | 69 | 69 |
| 28 | 37.2 | 1319 | 55 | 73 | 73 |
| 29 | 38.6 | 1482 | 57 | 76 | 76 |
| 30 | 39.9 | 1636 | 59 | 79 | 78 |
| 31 | 41.1 | 1779 | 61 | 81 | 80 |
| 32 | 42.3 | 1930 | 63 | 83 | 82 |
| 33 | 43.6 | 2088 | 65 | 85 | 84 |
| 34 | 44.5 | 2248 | 66 | 88 | 86 |
| 35 | 45.4 | 2414 | 67 | 91 | 88 |
| 36 | 46.6 | 2612 | 69 | 94 | 89.5 |
| 37 | 47.9 | 2820 | 71 | 97 | 91 |
| 38 | 49.0 | 2992 | 73 | 99 | 92 |
| 39 | 50.2 | 3170 | 75 | 101 | 93 |
| 40 | 51.3 | 3373 | 77 | 103 | 94.5 |
There are cases when minor fetal sizes are the result of a small growth of his parents. But also the cause of the backlog of the norm in the development may be the lack of beneficial substances coming from the mother's body. Under such cases, an obstetrician gynecologist prescribes a pregnant course of vitamins and observes the development of the baby in a week or two. Fetometry of the fetus consists of such indicators:
- CTR (it is called an increase in growth). Deciphered as Copchiko-Damp Size;
- BPR. Deciphered as a biparic head;
- DB. Decoded as a long thigh;
- Co. This indicator determines the abdomen;
- DGK. Indicator for determining the diameter of the chest.
There is a special table that shows the parameters of the fetus (under normal conditions). Children sizes This table provides for weeks of development. It uses gynecologists to establish conformity to the development of the kid by the norm of a specific period of pregnancy. For the accuracy of diagnostics in fetometry, several parameters from the table must be examined. Up to 36 weeks, doctors diagnose such data development data:
After this week, explore:
The table will help you deal with the data specified as a result of the ultrasound. The table contains the averaged values \u200b\u200bcorresponding to certain weekly weeks. Only your personal gynecologist can put the final diagnosis. It is worth considering the individuality of every child, which manifests itself in the peculiarities of its intrauterine development in a specific time period. Thanks to the table with data providing deciphering the results of an ultrasound study, the doctors establish the conformity of the development of the kid by the norm of a certain period. The table of the middle sizes of the fruit egg and the embryo in the first trimester:
The second and third trimester - the average size of the fetus head:
The average size of the circumference of the abdomen, the femoral and shoulder bones of the fetus:
When determined by the ultrasound study of some deviations from the development rate of the fetus, pregnant is prescribed appropriate treatment with subsequent repeated surveys after a while. In addition to the lack of some vitamins and substances, it is worth considering the features of each organism. The dimensions of each individual fetus are individual. In tables with dimensions, the average parameters are indicated (taking into account the norm).
Ultrasound 10-14 weeks
At this stage of pregnancy, its main systems and organs have been formed at the fetus. The specialist appoints every woman waiting for the appearance of a new life, this scheduled ultrasound study of the first trimester. At this time, doctors have no definition of the child's sex, as pregnant people mistakenly think. The purpose of the ultrasound for 10-14 weeks is:
- Confirmation of the estimated gynecologist of pregnancy. His experienced specialist will establish in this period with maximum accuracy. Only due to such accuracy, an obstetrician-gynecologist will be able to determine the compliance of the rate of development of the kid according to the prescribed date of pregnancy.
- Detection (in the presence) of coarse defects in the development of the fetus. It is thanks to ultrasound, the echoscopists can determine the presence of the baby some vices. With such cases, women recommend to interrupt the baby tooling with small-acting methods. Of course, the decision depends only on the pregnant, its religious and aesthetic views.
Uzi helps determine the term of pregnancy. There are discrepancies between the deadlines on the last month and ultrasound. When difference per week, one and a half, the preference of the doctors give the results of ultrasound. It defines the CTR and establishes on the table compliance rate on a certain period of development. If the difference is more than two weeks, then the term is determined by ultrasound. Ultrasound examination at this time is also called "genetic". Already by 10-14 weeks, specialists can visualize with the help of ultrasound swelling of the collar space. In most of these pathologies, the fetus continued signs of Down syndrome. Thus, this pathology can be determined already in 10-14 weeks. If the fold thickness is about 3 mm - it is considered pathology. During this period of development, the thickness of the collar space of most fruits is less than a millimeter. With an increased thickness, a unambiguous diagnosis does not put the specialist. He recommends a pregnant to pass further examination in genetics. It is thanks to this screening that gynecologists allocate the risk group among the entire stream of pregnant women.
Ultrasound 20-24 weeks
Another scheduled screening appoints a doctor for 20-24 weeks. The purpose of this ultrasound study is to diagnose the state of the internal bodies of the kid. This survey is carried out to detect possible malformations. Given the fact that there are several thousand vices, pregnant women are required to give the importance of this ultrasound research. Development defects in early pregnancy in early pregnancy in order to take appropriate measures. Some anomalies (increased number of fingers, heart defects, struck the fingers, hands, huysuit) will not significantly improve the life of the future kid. Some of these vices can be corrected by surgical intervention. But there are such anomalies that are incompatible with life (anencephalia). Ultrasound biometrics defines proportional / disproportional fetal sizes. It is due to it determines the presence of the growth of the growth of individual parts of the body or the entire fetus from the norm. Ultrasound examination of this period also determines:
- The number of accumulating waters;
- Tone of the uterus;
- The structure, the thickness of the placenta;
- The state of the cervix;
- Place attack location.
Not always the course of pregnancy is characterized by the lack of any complications. Approximately every tenth-fifteenth preparing to become a mother Woman hears the diagnosis - a delay in the development of the fetus, also known as Zvor. What threatens this pathology if it is possible to prevent its development, it is useful to know every woman who plans the birth of a child. After all, almost any girl can face with this phenomenon.
What reasons
Development lag is calculated from the norms that are prescribed for the week to wear a child at the time of the ultrasound. Such a condition is observed against the background of the lack of oxygen fruit, various nutrients necessary for full development and formation.
Among the reasons can be called:
- the pathology of the development of the placenta;
- diseases of women having a chronic character (fluctuations in a large side of blood pressure testimony, violation of the cardiovascular and respiratory system, anemia);
- chromosomal disorders of the fetus (Down syndrome);
- mother addiction to alcohol, narcotic substances, smoking;
- infectious diseases transferred during pregnancy;
- disorders of the food culture, its insufficiency;
- regular stressful situations;
- gynecological problems;
- uncontrolled medication drugs;
- tooling more than one fetus;
- climatic conditions.
Forms ZaVR
Abuse of alcoholic beverages during pregnancy, smoking increases the risk of developing such a type of delay as asymmetric. This means that the ultrasound doctor observes the brain and skeleton developed in terms of timing and skeleton, but the internal organs are lagging behind in their formation. Frequent phenomena are also the lagging in the development of soft chest tissues, abdomen.
The high-quality supply of the fetus with the necessary nutrients has a special meaning in the last periods. It will help to cope with asymmetric delay, will help the child adapt to the new situation after birth.
If there is no adequate treatment, there is a violation of the brain development, reducing the head of the child in the amount, which leads to the intrauterine death of the fetus.
Fetal infection during pregnancy, chromosomal fetal developmental anomalies can serve as a symmetric form of state. It is characterized by the fact that the decrease is observed not only in the internal organs. The fruit is also slightly growing, poorly gaining weight. If you do not accept any decision on time, the child can be born with serious violations of the development of the central nervous system.
What does the state development speak
About the first signs of Zvor gynecologists begin to speak early enough. As a rule, it is 24-26 weeks. Diagnosis can exclusively doctor, but not a woman independently. This is done according to the results of ultrasound.
It is important to remember that there is a risk of incorrect diagnostics. To eliminate the likelihood of an error, the observing doctor, having received the result of the ultrasound, conducts a survey of the future mother and father. The first question - they were born with what weight they were born. However, such a survey makes sense only if the delay in the development of the fetus does not exceed the norm by 2 or more. In other cases, it is suggested that the predisposition was the first-base lag.
In general, the signs of the state are the retreat from the rules adopted in gynecology:
- abdominal circumference;
- standing height of the bottom of the uterus (installed by a doctor during palpation);
- bone sizes of hip, abdomen and head;
- growth (subject to constant monitoring);
- volume of amniotic fluid;
- changes in the functioning of the placenta;
- the speeds with which the blood circulates in the umbilical cord, placenta;
- fetal heart rate frequencies.
Diagnostics
The delay in the intrauterine development of the fetus - the phenomenon is quite complicated. To put the correct diagnosis, doctors use not only the survey method, but also conduct a number of studies:
- measurement using a centimeter tape of the abdomen circle along the navel line, determination by the method of palpation of the standing of the bottom of the uterus;
- Ultrasound helps to establish the form and degree of ZUBR, to estimate the visual state of the placenta;
- dopplerometry - subspecies of ultrasound examined to study the quality of blood flow (uterine-placental, fruit-placental);
- CTG - functional diagnostics establishing as often and how rhythmically beats the heart of the fetus. Also studied the change in heart abbreviations under the influence of various external factors, cuts of the uterus, the movements of the child.
Severity
The delay in the intrauterine development of the fetus, depending on how the state is pronounced, can be attributed to one of three groups:
Treatment and diet
The Medical Program When the ZVOR diagnosis is determined by the degree of gravity of the state. The second, for example, requires mandatory stay in the hospital. With a lagging not exceeding the week, this is usually not required.
Hypotrophy (delay, lag) development of the fetus is treated with a wide range of drugs.
Medicines are selected solely individually after finding out the reasons that caused the pathology of pregnancy. The earlier the therapeutic strategy will be developed and implemented, the higher the likelihood that the woman's body will give a positive reaction.
To reduce the risk of negative influence of medicines and with a minor delay today, the gynecologists use non-drugs.
Recommended required afternoon sleep. Throughout the pregnancy, it should be carefully monitored - it should be a full, saturated protein of animal origin, vitamins. The size of the portion is important - it should not be excessively large.
A satisfactory result of treatment is recognized as a situation when an adequate growth of the child is observed, the backlog is neutralized. If the tactics did not give such results, during the ultrasound research, there is a certain way, doppler indicators are constantly deteriorating, and KTG demonstrates explicit signs of a lack of supply of oxygen, the doctors make a decision on early delivery.
Prevention
In order for during pregnancy, there were no situations similar to the hypotrophy of the fetus, the future motherhood should be planned. Abortions, for example, injure the gentle surface of the uterus. This subsequently increases the risk of uterine-placental blood circulation.
Even in the absence of predisposition to Zur, the reception of multivitamin drugs is shown.
Preventive measures can also be attributed:
- reducing psycho-emotional, physical exertion;
- timely appeal to women's consultation for registration.
The consequences of hypotrophy
Development hypotrophy syndrome can have different impact on the fruit. The consequences, respectively, are also different. As a rule, such children after their appearance are faced with a large number of health problems. Conditionally, they are combined into two groups.
Infant age:
- disorders of the neurological plan, asphyxia, hypoxia;
- increased excitability;
- impaired muscle tone;
- disruption of appetite;
- weak weight set;
- the backlog of psychomotor development;
- weak ability (or its complete absence) to maintain the body temperature;
- increased sensitivity to infections.
Pulling period:
- diabetes;
- excess body weight;
- high arterial pressure.
Adult lifetime:
- violation of the cardiovascular system;
- obesity;
- insulin-dependent form of diabetes.
It should be noted that, subject to timely diagnosis of ZVOR, successful treatment and a slight severity, many children with such a diagnosis are quickly catching up in the development of their peers. By one and a half or two years, they do not differ in any external parameters. Sometimes, due to violations, children can more often be sick, have problems with preferably, concentration of attention. Level these risks are called medical rehabilitation, full, high-quality food.